History
In the 1950's and 1960's children with disabilities were institutionalized. What influenced special education was Civil Rights Laws, court cases and federal education laws. One of the most important Civil Rights Laws was Brown vs. Board of Education. Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prevents discrimination against all individuals with disabilities in programs that receive public funds, as do public schools. It was Public Law 449-87 (1986) that deals with infants and toddlers with disabilities (birth to five years). Public Law 101-476 was passed in 1990, called IDEA, and reflected more person first language and removed "handicapped," substituting "disability." The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) further extended the rights of individuals with disabilities, ensuring that buildings, transportation and other public places are accessible. Public Law 94-142 was the Education for the Handicapped Act and created Individualized Education Programs or IEPs. In June 1997 Public Law 105-17 included the general education teacher as part of the IEP. Public Law 108-446 went in effect July 2005 required that special education teachers be highly qualified and focused the content of IEPs. In accordance with Public Law 105-17 which defines who is a child with a disability, disabled students may include but are not limited to children with deafness, blindness, developmental delay, traumatic brain injury and other health impairments.
Influences on current Special Education Practices.ppt
Technology
* Physical Limitation
Command Keys - For students with limited hand movement, command keys can be customized for ease of use.
Can be offered as an option to any student and will be a preference for some.
Speech Recognition - For students with limited hand movement, computer will respond to voice commands for basic system functions.
Can help engage any student with the activity of the computer.
* Vision Impairment
Zooming Screen Size - For students with limited vision, enlarges screen items for better view.
Can help any student by giving them a view into size and proportion concepts.
Text Reader - For students with limited vision or limited cognitive skills, adds an auditory element to the lesson.
Can help any student by adding the auditory element.
* Hearing Impairment
Closed Captioning - For students with limited hearing, allows for better understanding of video material.
Can be used for any student to enhance the experience by introducing a written element for younger students
or emphasizing aspects of the video that are usually subconscious for theater or literature students.
Links
Homepage for Microsoft Accessibility information
http://www.microsoft.com/enable/
Contains step by step tutorials and video demonstrations to help make Windows and Microsoft products more accessible.
Homepage for Apple Computer's Accessibility information
http://www.apple.com/education/accessibility
Gives information on accessibility options for Mac computers, tailored to the field of education.
Clark County School District Assistive Technology Service
http://sssd.ccsd.net/assistivetech.html
Local district information about software and devices available for special needs students.
UNLV Disabilities Resource Center
http://studentlife.unlv.edu/disability/
Gives resources for accommodations for special needs students.
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